Stay-bolt iron.



' W. JENKINS. vsm! BOLT mont.

PPPP lcATloN FILED nzc.2a. i916. 1,231,898. Y Patented July s, 1917 UNITED srArEs PATENT oEEioE,

WESTON JENKINS, F ROME, N ROME MERCHANT IBONMILL, OF Roll/IIE, YORK, A CORPORATION 0F NEW YORK.

srAYoLr mon.

Siieocation Vof Letters Patent.

'Patented July e, 1917.

i Original application flledlfune 29, 1916, Serial No. 106,578.. Divided and this application filed December 23, 1916. Serial No. 138.583.

, To all whom t may concern:

, `June 29, 1916. One of the primary 'objects o f my invention consists in producing, as

a new article of manufacture, au improved hollow rod, or similar article, such for en -ample as a staywbolt, the same being constructed in such manner as to secure maxi-- mum strength with no onstage of metal. i while at the same time the contour of the exterior surfaceand ont the opening is main-J tained uniform and true. Another of the objects'of my invention resides in the provision of ann inuiufoved construction ci' hollow rods, such as stay-bolts, whereby su parlor-,product and auniformity in product `i aire obtained. @ne olf' the more specific objects of my invention resides in the preti sion, as a new article of manufacture, of a hollow'` stay-liiolt which is composed of :a plurality of complementar-sy or counterpert sections which are placed together to form 'the stay-bolt, and welded by uniform inu ward radial pressure. y

The foregoing, together With such other objects' as may hereinafter appear, or are incident to my invention, I obtain by means of a construction, the preferred embodiment of which I have shown in the accompanying drawings as'applied to stay-boltsl Of the drawings Figure 1 is an isometric projection of the preferredform of section of Wrought iron used in making articles according to my in' vention; Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view throiurh three sections such as shown in Fig..

1 lafter they have been brought together but before they have been Welded {Fig/1,3 isla `cross #sectional View through a completed piece of stay-bolt iron as formed by my in vention, the lines. marking'the divisions being such. as would appear a completed iron isV etched with a suitable etching chemi cal; Fig. l is a plan View more or less con-- ventionaliaed and on a greatly 'reduced scale of a furnace and drawj-bench suggesting a convenient arrangement of apparatus for producing articles made according to my invention; Fig. 5 is a front face view of n bell-shaped die such as is preferably used in connection therewith; Fig. 6 isa crosssectional view through. the die shown in Fig. 5; Fig. 7 is an isometric projection of a draw-head that may be conveniently utilizedA` plest tocan; Fig. 1Q. is a cross-sectional view ol' the part-s shown in Figs. 10 and 11 after they have been placed together but before beingyveldcd; Fic. 13 indicates the appl'o cation of my invention tothe construction ofiigorrn'vvliich is square both inside and outeioe.

My invention. will be described as applied to the production. of stay-bolts- On account of the peculiar strain placed upon staybolts, under service conditions, it is practi -cally universally required that they be formed of Wrought iron having certain chai acteristics and that they be provided With a small. central opening in order to give Warning; by steam or Water Whenever a stay-bolt has been broken or strained so as to be fractured part way through.

Myw invention consists in a hollow staybolt of' u'rou,ojlitv iron which is composed ofwrought iron sections, more or less settorel shaped in cross-section, `with their vertex portions cut away to form the central opening;`such sections beingfwelded together to form a hollow cylinder, by uniform inward radial pressure, obtained rpreferably by drawing the bundle of sections through a die. The stay-bolt, thus produced, is, as an article, superior to standard stay-bolts, not

of manufacture is produced.

The first step in practising my invention is to form the weldable metal of' the proper quality, such for example as Wrought iron,

into sections ofthe desired'length which shall be of such shape in crosssecti0n as to be sector-shaped or some part of a circle and preferably an aliquot part of a circle. Thus; in Figs. 1 and 2 there are shown vsuch sections 15, each of which is substantially a third of a circlefin cross-section, but it will be obvious that other sector-shaped sections maybe used such as a quadrant-shaped pieceA or pieces which have a more acute angle between their plain sides than ninety degrees. I prefer, however, to use sections such as section 16 and particularly such a section provided Vwith interlocking means such as shown in Fig. 9, for reasons hereinafter stated.

The sections of wroughtiiron furthermore have their vertex ortions cut away or grooved as plainly s own in 'the drawings.

uch grooves 17 preferably being so. formed as to have a center common with the center of the sector of said sections. A convenient vway to form the sections of wrought iron into proper sectorlike shape with their rentering grooves 17 is by rolling the iron to that shape, but other means may be used if convenient.

I then bring together the proper number of sector-like sections to form therefrom a hollow c linder of which the walls are rela- /Welding heat. `Then the pile or grou tively t ick and the central v opening 18 formed from the various grooves 17 is relatively small.

The roup or pile 19 of sections is then heatedr y any suitableV means such as in a' 20 until said group or pile has been brought throughout its length to a -prope` O sections is passed through abell-shape die or dies whereby the different sections are welded together into a solid uniform mass but with the 'central openinv 1 8 still maintained through the mass @bidh is now a-piece of hollow stay-bolt iron.

:As suggestive means fon performing these operations by machinery. I have shownv the furnace 20 of any suitable form or :character to produce. the desired heat and of a len th sutlicient to contain the iles. 'Pref-l era ly also the furnace will be o such width and so constructed as to receive thereinto a ciently as possible. Closely 1ocated`outside the furnace 20 is the draw-head 21 with its slot 22 in which-isplaced'a die or a number of dies 23. The die has a circular o enin`gv 24 therein of tapering or bell-shap form as plainly shown in Fig. 6. The die is placed in the slot 22 of the draw-head with its side 25 which has the smaller end of the aperture 24 against the shoulder 26 in the draw-head beyond which is the smaller slo't 27 of a size a little larger Athan the smallest d-iameter ofthe aperture 24 in the die.r

As the end of the pile 19 of sections properly raised to welded heat comes from the furnace it is led through the bell-shaped die 23 in the draw-head 21 and the rest of the pile 1 9 drawn through said die by means of the power-operated chain 28 upon the drawbench 29. Any desired means may be used Vfor introducing the end of the heated secthe drawing chain 28.

tions through the die and connecting them to 'As the pile 19 or bundle of` sections so whole mass is subjected to equal pressure in:-f

wardly from all directions toward the center. The result of this equal inward compression` all around the circle of the pile being welded together withfthe drawing action is to reduce the cross-sectional area of the pile and at the same time lengthen the iron being operated upon. The effect of this peculiar uniform inward pressure, as produced for example b drawing the pile through a die, will be est understood by comparing a pile before being operated on` with the finished product, reference being had particularly to Figs. 2 and 3.

los

For this specific example I shall that thepile (Fig. 2) has an outside diameter of 1.51 and an inside diameteifof .45, leaving the thickness of the wall .525. For a pile hav'ng these dimensions I prefer to use diesfso constructedlthat, for a given quality of wrought iron orothei weldable metal, and for 'venheat conditions,

when the desired num er of passes have been y Y made, al finished hollow bar will be produced having van outside diameter of 1 with an inside diameterfof .25", thus leaving the thickness of the wall .375. It will be observed hy comparing.' these dimensions that the nsi e diameterbears substantially the Y same proportion to the outside diametery of ',the finished product as the internal diiso smetcr of the pile, before being operated on, to its outside diaineter. lt will be seen, therefore, that while the external diunieter of the pile considerably reduced during the operation, because of the fact that the variance in the proportion between the internal diameters. is veryslight, the pile is drawn out and lengthcned without the pres ence of injurious upsetting or distorting action on the metal, the amount of upset being practically negligible. Stated in other Words, the uniform inward pressure'on the sections compresses and elongatcs rather than upsets and distorts the metal acted upon, which obviously produces a finished product the characteristics of which are en hanced rather than injured. It will thus be lseen that the different sections are welded into one homoveneous mass, the fibers of the Wrought iron :being compressed and forced together and drawn out so as to bring out the full life, nature or ductility o the wrought metal again after it has been heated. The finished product has therefore maximum inherent strength characteristics, is perfect in external symmetry, and the small internal opening is maintained without distortion, It will also be noted that a. minimum amount of metal is required and that the finished. roduct is less expensive than similar artic es in which the central opening is drilled.

I have found that stay-bolts for example 'of this construction are far superior to stay bolts produced by the Well-known methods sitpresent-employed in this art.

Where I employ7 sections which are so formed that the'relation between the sections is somewhat in the nature of an arch, I secure additional advantages. Thus, taking the construction shown in Fig. 2, in which the pile is composed of three sections, it Will be observed that the pressure on the sections, as shown by the large arrows, re-

.'.snlts in components,

as idicated by the small arrows, which directly increase the welding effect on the sections. To be speshape of the dies, the heat treatment, or the character of the metal, I can produce a finished product. having, within certain limits, any desired relation to the original pile or any,Y desired proportionate distribution of metal. To illustrate, I can produce from piles of the same dimensions, fiilished rods in which the size of the central opening may vary within certain limits and still maintain its external and internal symmetry Without injurious upsetting or distortion of the metal. I

In the drawings I have illustrated the sections so far described as heilig truly-sectorshaped in crosssection and substantially this form is preferred because it results in a more uniform distribution of the pressure and a more uniform welding of the iron. It will be obvious, however, that the exterior surfaces may -deviate quite a little from true sector shape and still be within the claims of my invention; for instance, virregularity in the arc of the sector or upon the lain surfaces thereof may be present and sti l obtain a satisfactory result. In fact, in Fig. 8 I have shown a modification of the form o the sections so as to have sections 31 with angular faces 32 which are not exactly radii of the arc surface of the section but are arranged at a slightly smaller angle to each other than in a true sector. This results in the sections 31 when brought together meeting tow-ard the central opening 18, but being slightly separated from each other at the outer surface of the cylinder. This formation has some advantages, int-hat the first -welding is effected toward the central opening and by the time the crevces between the eiic, pressure applied at the juncture of two sections is directly resolved into Weldingcomponents on the two faces of the third section; 4and pressure, for example, exerted at the middle of a section resolves itself into two welding-components on the remaining two sections, which obviously resultsin thoroughly weldngthe sections into a homogeneous finished product, especially where the operations are carried out in such manner as. to substantially eleminate upsetting or'distmting of the metal during the drawing operation. as previously pointed out.

it will be understood of course that my invention is not restricted to the use of piles or to the production of finished rods having the exact dimensions or pro ortions hereto fore given. By modifying, or exemple the outer surfaces of the sections have been welded it is certain that the weld 4has been made all the way through to the central opemng.

In Fig. 9 I have shown a further and preferred construction of sections, in that the sections 16 here shown have one of their an- 1lsrly arranged sides provided with a. pro- ]ection or ridge 34' and the other angular face provided with a similar shal ed depression or groove 35. It will be obvious that when the proper number of sections of this .character are brought together they will fit together or interlockto a'certain extent, in that the ridges 34 will en age' or fit. into the depressions' 35. This resu ts in a larger surface to weld and in providin for an easier weld by reason of the inter tting of parts which furthermore maintains the arts in aline'ment until completely welded. uch arrangement also facilitates the. .handling of the groups of sections preliminary to thez welding steps.

I prefer to form the sections to be used so as to he egual and aliquot parts of the circle. IIn this way for any given size of stay-bolt iron only one-,form or size ef V,sec-V tion need be provided.. Furthermore, by having the parts e ual, whether two, three, four or more parts orbundle of sections, they will fit together in the same way and the inward compression as from the dies will distribute that pressure equally' among the different sections and so obtain an evenness of welding and an evenness of compression of the material tlmt would not be obtained were some of the sections smaller than others.

The term Seaton or sector-like, as

' found in'this specification, is used in its broad sense.

I claim:

1. As .f1 new article of manufacture, a, tubular bar comprsin a lurality of sectorlike sections adapte to e welded together by uniform inward pressure, the ve'tlces of e used to make the pile y the sections being cut away to form a. censigned my name.

WESTON 

